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Quercus muehlenbergii
''Quercus muehlenbergii'', the chinkapin oak (or chinquapin oak), is an oak in the white oak group (''Quercus'' sect. ''Quercus''). The species was often called ''Quercus acuminata'' in older literature. ''Quercus muehlenbergii'', (its specific epithet often misspelt ''muhlenbergii'') is native to eastern and central North America, ranging from Vermont west to Wisconsin and south to South Carolina, western Florida, New Mexico, and northeastern Mexico from Coahuila south to Hidalgo.〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map ) 〕
==Classification and nomenclature==
Since its recognition as a different species from the similar-appearing chestnut oak (''Quercus prinus''), ''Q. muehlenbergii'' has generally been regarded as a distinct species; no subspecies or varieties are currently recognized within it, although a few infraspecific variants had been accepted in the past.
The tree's scientific name honors Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753–1815), a Lutheran pastor and amateur botanist in Pennsylvania. In publishing the name ''Quercus mühlenbergii'', German-American botanist George Engelmann mistakenly used an umlaut in spelling Muhlenberg's name, even though Pennsylvania-born Muhlenberg himself did not use an umlaut in his name. Under the modern rules of botanical nomenclature, umlauts are transliterated, with "ü" becoming "ue", hence Engelmann's ''Quercus mühlenbergii'' is now presented as ''Quercus muehlenbergii''. In lack of evidence that Engelmann's use of the umlaut was an unintended error, and hence correctable, the ''muehlenbergii'' spelling is considered correct, although the more appropriate orthographic variant ''Quercus muhlenbergii'' is often seen.
The low-growing, cloning ''Q. prinoides'' (dwarf chinkapin oak) is similar to ''Q. muehlenbergii'' and has been confused with it in the past, but is now generally accepted as a distinct species.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501075 )〕 If the two are considered to be conspecific, the earlier-published name ''Quercus prinoides'' has priority over ''Q. muehlenbergii'', and the larger chinkapin oak can then be classified as ''Quercus prinoides ''var.'' acuminata'', with the dwarf chinkapin oak being ''Quercus prinoides ''var.'' prinoides''. ''Q. prinoides'' was named and described by the German botanist Karl (Carl) Ludwig Willdenow in 1801, in a German journal article by Muhlenberg.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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